Tabla I. Características demográficas y comorbilidades de los pacientes que toman benzodiacepinas y los que no. |
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Muestra total |
Toman benzodiacepinas |
No toman benzodiacepinas |
Valor de p |
|
Rankin modificada, media |
0 (RIC: 0-1) |
0 (RIC: 0-2) |
0 (RIC: 0-0) |
< 0,001 |
Edad (años) |
67,2 (34,5) |
71,4 (13,6) |
65,8 (14,8) |
< 0,001 |
Sexo femenino, n (%) |
250 (43,4%) |
76 (55,1%) |
174 (39,7%) |
0,002 |
Hipertensión, n (%) |
300 (52,1%) |
86 (62,3%) |
214 (48,9%) |
0,008 |
Diabetes, n (%) |
113 (19,6%) |
24 (17,4%) |
89 (20,3%) |
0,527 |
Hábito tabáquico, n (%) |
118 (20,5%) |
23 (16,7%) |
95 (21,7%) |
0,249 |
Patología cardiológica, n (%) |
154 (25,2%) |
33 (23,9%) |
121 (27,6%) |
0,441 |
Patología pulmonar, n (%) |
145 (25,2%) |
37 (26,8%) |
108 (24,7%) |
0,692 |
Cáncer, n (%) |
94 (16,3%) |
28 (20,3%) |
66 (15,1%) |
0,149 |
Patología neurológica crónica, n (%) |
105 (18,3%) |
31 (22,5%) |
74 (16,9%) |
0,164 |
Inmunodepresión, n (%) |
32 (5,6%) |
7 (5,1%) |
25 (5,7%) |
0,776 |
RIC: rango intercuartílico. |
Tabla II. Predictores de mortalidad. Análisis de regresión univariante y multivariante. |
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Tipo de análisis |
OR |
IC 95% |
Valor de p |
|
Rankin modificada > 2 |
Univariante Multivariante |
11,4 4,1 |
6,4-20,3 2,1-8,1 |
<0,001 <0,001 |
Edad |
Univariante Multivariante |
1,1 1,1 |
1,1-1,1 1-1,1 |
<0,001 <0,001 |
Sexo femenino |
Univariante Multivariante |
0,7 0,8 |
0,5-1 0,4-1 |
0,065 0,077 |
Hipertensión |
Univariante Multivariante |
3,5 1,4 |
2,3-5,5 0,8-2,3 |
<0,001 0,246 |
Diabetes |
Univariante Multivariante |
2,1 1,2 |
1,4-3,4 0,7-2,1 |
0,001 0,471 |
Hábito tabáquico |
Univariante Multivariante |
1,6 1,7 |
1-2,5 1-3,1 |
0,048 0,701 |
Patología cardiológica |
Univariante Multivariante |
3 1,2 |
2-4,5 0,7-2 |
<0,001 0,462 |
Patología pulmonar |
Univariante Multivariante |
1,4 0,9 |
0,9-2,2 0,5-1,6 |
0,105 0,794 |
Cáncer |
Univariante Multivariante |
1,6 1,2 |
1,0-2,7 0,7-2,2 |
0,049 0,523 |
Patología neurológica crónica |
Univariante Multivariante |
4 1,8 |
2,5-6,2 1-3,1 |
<0,001 0,044 |
Inmunodepresión |
Univariante |
1,3 |
0,4-4,1 |
0,663 |
Consumo de benzodiacepinas |
Univariante Multivariante |
1,6 1,1 |
1-2,4 0,7-1,9 |
0,045 0,682 |
IC: intervalo de confianza al 95%; OR: odds ratio. |
Figura. Supervivencia acumulada ajustada por sexo, edad y escala de Rankin modificada de los pacientes que tomaban y de los que no tomaban benzodiacepinas.
Tabla III. Variables en la ecuación de supervivencia acumulada ajustada de los pacientes que toman y los que no toman benzodiacepinas. |
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B |
SE |
Wald |
df |
Sig |
Exp (B) |
IC 95% para Exp (B) |
|
Edad |
0,051 |
0,009 |
30,136 |
1 |
0 |
1,053 |
1,034-1,072 |
Mujer 1, hombre 0 |
0,187 |
0,199 |
0,892 |
1 |
0,345 |
0,829 |
0,562-1,223 |
Rankin modificada |
0,468 |
0,073 |
41,722 |
1 |
0 |
1,597 |
1,386-1,841 |
Benzodiacepinas sí, benzodiacepinas no |
0,19 |
0,205 |
0,865 |
1 |
0,352 |
1,21 |
0,81-1,807 |
IC 95%: intervalo de confianza al 95%. |
Tabla IV. Evolución de los pacientes que tomaban de benzodiacepinas durante la hospitalización. Análisis univariante. |
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OR |
IC 95% |
Valor de p |
|
Enfermedad grave por COVID-19 |
1,2 |
0,7-1,8 |
0,523 |
SDRA |
1,2 |
0,8-1,9 |
0,315 |
Linfopenia en el ingreso |
0,9 |
0,6-1,3 |
0,508 |
Linfopenia durante la hospitalización |
0,9 |
0,6-1,3 |
0,444 |
Oxigenoterapia |
1 |
0,6-1,6 |
0,966 |
Ventilación invasiva |
1,3 |
0,8-2,2 |
0,284 |
Ingreso en la UCI |
0,8 |
0,4-1,4 |
0,433 |
IC: intervalo de confianza al 95%; OR: odds ratio; SDRA: síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo; UCI unidad de cuidados intensivos. |
Effect of treatment with benzodiazepines on the hospital prognosis of Coronavirus disease 2019 Introduction. The consequences of the use of of benzodiazepines in coronavirus disease 2019 have not yet been studied. We compared the hospital prognosis of patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 in benzodiazepine users and non-users. Patients and methods. Observational study with a retrospective cohort design. All consecutive patients admitted with a confirmed diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 were included. The patients under chronic treatment with benzodiazepines at the time of admission were studied and compared with non-users. The primary objective was to analyze the mortality of patients who used chronic benzodiazepines at the time of admission and compare them with those who did not use them. The secondary objective was to analyze the risk of severe disease due to coronavirus 2019, acute respiratory distress syndrome and admission to the Intensive Care Unit in both groups of patients. Results. We included 576 patients, 138 (24.0%) used benzodiazepines. After adjusting for sex, age, baseline situation and all the different variables between both groups, benzodiazepine users did not show a higher odds of mortality (OR: 1,1, IC 95%: 0,7-1,9, p = 0,682) or higher risk of severe disease due to coronavirus 2019 (OR: 1.2, 95% CI: 0.7-1.8, p = 0.523). They also did not have a higher risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (OR: 1.2, IC 95%: 0.8-1.9, p = 0.315) or more admission to the Intensive Care Unit (OR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.4-1.4, p = 0.433). Conclusion. In our sample, treatment with benzodiazepines at the time of admission was not associated with a worse hospital prognosis in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Key words. Benzodiazepines. COVID-19. Drugs. Mortality. Pneumonia. Severe acute respiratory syndrome. |